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NEW QUESTION # 62
Critical Radiant Flux is used to classify
- A. exterior materials.
- B. interior wall finishes.
- C. interior floor finishes.
- D. roofing materials.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Critical radiant flux is used to classifyinterior floor finishes. Critical radiant flux is a measure of the minimum radiant heat energy required to sustain flame propagation on a floor material or covering. It is determined by exposing a specimen to a radiant heat gradient and observing the distance from the ignition point to the flame-out point.The shorter the distance, the higher the critical radiant flux and the better the fire performance of the floor material or covering1.Critical radiant flux is used to classify floor materials and coverings according to their fire hazard and resistance, and to specify the minimum requirements for different occupancies and applications2.For example, the International Building Code (IBC) requires that interior floor finishes and coverings in exit access corridors and exit enclosures have a critical radiant flux of not less than
0.45 W/cm2, while those in other spaces have a critical radiant flux of not less than 0.22 W/cm23.Critical radiant flux is also used to evaluate the fire safety of floor materials and coverings in transportation vehicles, such as aircraft, trains, and buses4.
NEW QUESTION # 63
Fire tests typically relate to two types of fire properties, fire resistance and
- A. flame spread.
- B. length of fire.
- C. smoke spread.
- D. reaction to fire.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Fire tests typically relate to two types of fire properties, fire resistance and reaction to fire. Fire resistance is the ability of a building element or component to prevent the passage of heat and flames from one side to another, while reaction to fire is the response of a material or product in contributing to the development and spread of a fire. Fire resistance tests are usually performed on systems or assemblies, such as walls, floors, doors, or windows, while reaction to fire tests are usually performed on materials or products, such as sealants, insulation, cladding, or plastics.References:International Standards and Classifications for Fire Testing - Sika;Testing for Fire Resistance and Reaction to Fire - ICC NTA;'Reaction to Fire' Vs 'Fire resistance' - Ask HILTI;What is the difference between Reaction to Fire and Resistance to Fire ...;Reaction to Fire vs Resistance to Fire | Nullifire UK
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which NFPA Standard provides requirements for the storage and handling of aluminum powders, flakes, and pastes?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
NFPA 484: Standard for Combustible Metals, 2020 Edition, provides requirements for the storage and handling of aluminum powders, flakes, and pastes. This standard covers the production, processing, finishing, handling, recycling, storage, and use of all metals and alloys that are in a form capable of combustion or explosion. It also covers operations where metal or metal alloys are subjected to processing or finishing operations that produce combustible powder or dust.NFPA 484 includes specific chapters for various metals and alloys, including aluminum and aluminum alloys12 References:
NFPA 484: Standard for Combustible Metals
NFPA 651: Standard for the Machining and Finishing of Aluminum and the ...
NEW QUESTION # 65
For wet-pipe automatic sprinkler systems, the only proper way to test the operation of a vane-type water flow alarm initiating device is to open the
- A. valve at the inspector's test connection.
- B. alarm test by-pass valve at the system's main riser.
- C. main (2 in. diameter) drain.
- D. check valve from the city connection.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
valve at the inspector's test connection.
For wet-pipe automatic sprinkler systems, the only proper way to test the operation of a vane-type water flow alarm initiating device is to open the valve at the inspector's test connection. This is a small valve that is located at the end of a pipe that is connected to the sprinkler system, usually at the most remote or highest point. The inspector's test connection simulates the flow of a single sprinkler head and activates the vane-type water flow switch, which in turn triggers the fire alarm panel and the external alarm devices.Opening the valve at the inspector's test connection also allows the water to drain from the system, preventing corrosion and freezing1234 Opening the main (2 in. diameter) drain is not a proper way to test the operation of a vane-type water flow alarm initiating device, because it does not create enough flow to activate the switch. The main drain is used to drain the entire sprinkler system for maintenance or repair purposes, and it is usually located at the main riser or the fire department connection.Opening the main drain may also cause a pressure drop in the system, which could affect the performance of the sprinklers1234 Opening the alarm test by-pass valve at the system's main riser is not a proper way to test the operation of a vane-type water flow alarm initiating device, because it does not simulate the actual flow of a sprinkler head.
The alarm test by-pass valve is used to test the operation of the external alarm devices, such as the water motor gong or the electric bell, without activating the fire alarm panel. The alarm test by-pass valve is usually located near the alarm check valve or the water flow switch, and it allows water to flow through a small orifice to the alarm devices.Opening the alarm test by-pass valve does not create enough flow to activate the vane-type water flow switch1234 Opening the check valve from the city connection is not a proper way to test the operation of a vane-type water flow alarm initiating device, because it does not create any flow in the sprinkler system. The check valve from the city connection is used to prevent the backflow of water from the sprinkler system to the city water supply, and it is usually located at the fire department connection or the main riser.Opening the check valve from the city connection does not affect the water flow in the sprinkler system, and it does not activate the vane-type water flow switch1234 References:
Fire Sprinkler Flow Switch & Tamper Switch Inspection & Maintenance3
Sprinkler System Water Flow Device Testing - ORR Protection2
VSR-AT Auto-Test Waterflow Alarm Switch | Potter Electric4
WFDNA Series Vane-type Waterflow Detectors - Steel Fire Equipment5
NEW QUESTION # 66
Wet chemical extinguishing agents when sprayed on a grease fire, extinguish the fire by
- A. Removal of the radical free agent
- B. Radiation shielding
- C. Removal of the fuel
- D. Smothering and cooling
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Wet chemical extinguishing agents, such as potassium acetate and potassium citrate, when sprayed on a grease fire, extinguish the fire by smothering and cooling. The wet chemical agent reacts with the hot grease and forms a layer of soap-like foam on the surface of the fat, which acts as an insulation between the hot grease and the atmosphere, preventing the escape of combustible vapors and oxygen supply.The wet chemical agent also absorbs heat from the grease and lowers its temperature below the ignition point12 References:
What is the Difference Between a Wet and Dry Chemical Fire ...
Wet Chemical (Class K) Fire Extinguisher - Portable - WFX
NEW QUESTION # 67
The coefficient of discharge of a fire hydrant when the outlet is smooth and well-rounded outlet is?
- A. 0.70.
- B. 0.82
- C. 0.87
- D. 0.90.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The coefficient of discharge of a fire hydrant when the outlet is smooth and well-rounded is 0.90. This is the highest coefficient given by NFPA 291 for fire hydrant outlets, and it means that the stream is almost as large as the outlet diameter. The coefficient of discharge is a factor that accounts for the difference between the actual flow and the theoretical flow from an orifice, based on the shape and condition of the outlet1. A lower coefficient means that the stream is more restricted and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the outlet. NFPA 291 provides three coefficients for fire hydrant outlets, depending on how the outlet projects into the barrel: 0.90 for smooth and well-rounded outlets, 0.80 for outlets with a hexagonal or square projection, and 0.70 for outlets with a long projection or adamaged edge2. The coefficient of discharge is used to calculate the flow rate from the pitot pressure measured at the centerline of the stream3. References:
Fire Fighting Foams - Chemguard
Guide to Hydrant Flow Testing | WSRB
New Fire Hydrant Flow Test Charts (PDF) - MeyerFire
NEW QUESTION # 68
The duration of required fire flow in public supply systems ranges from
- A. 2-10 hours.
- B. 3-8 hours.
- C. 1-6 hours.
- D. 1-4 hours.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 69
What percent of fire departments surveyed participate in the delivery of emergency medical services?
- A. 90%
- B. 79%
- C. 61%
- D. 38%
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
According to the web search results, 79% of fire departments surveyed participate in the delivery of emergency medical services (EMS).This is based on the NFPA report "US Fire Department Profile 2020"1, which states that nationwide, 37% of fire departments provided no EMS, 46% provided basic life support (BLS), and 17% provided advanced life support (ALS). Therefore, the percentage of fire departments that provided either BLS or ALS is 46% + 17% = 63%. However, this does not include fire departments that provided EMS through a third-party contract or agreement.According to the NFPA fireservice survey from
2018-20202, 16% of fire departments reported having such an arrangement. Therefore, the percentage of fire departments that participated in the delivery of EMS in some form is 63% + 16% = 79%.References:
NFPA report - U.S.fire department profile3
US Fire Department Profile 2020 Supporting Tables2
NEW QUESTION # 70
What is the background color used from the source to the outlets of a nitrous oxide medical gas system?
- A. Gray/black
- B. Black
- C. Yellow
- D. Blue
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The background color used from the source to the outlets of a nitrous oxide medical gas system is blue. This is the standard color coding for nitrous oxide cylinders and pipelines in medical gas pipeline systems12. The color coding helps to identify the gas type and prevent accidental misconnections or cross-contamination3. The color coding also indicates the pressure and flow characteristics of the gas system4. References:
Colour coding of copper pipes in Medical gas pipeline system according ...
Doc 177 20 Medical Gas Cylinders Colour Coding - EIGA
Medical Gas Coding Color Chart & Explanation - Bay Corporation
Medical gases Health Technical Memorandum 02-01: Medical gas pipeline ...
NEW QUESTION # 71
Dipping and coating processes should be separated from other operations, materials, or occupancies by location, fire walls, or
- A. process systems.
- B. operational procedures.
- C. exhaust systems
- D. fire partitions.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Dipping and coating processes using flammable or combustible liquids pose a significant fire and explosion hazard and should be isolated from other operations, materials, or occupancies by location, fire walls, or operational procedures. Location refers to the physical separation of the process from other areas by distance or barriers. Fire walls are fire-resistance-rated assemblies that prevent the spread of fire from one side to the other. Operational procedures are rules or guidelines that regulate the conduct of the process and its personnel, such as limiting the amount of flammable or combustible liquids in use, controlling ignition sources, and providing adequate ventilation.
References: NFPA 34: Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids, 2021 Edition, Section 4.21; Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter
8, Section 8.3.12.
1:NFPA 34: Standard for Dipping, Coating, and Printing Processes Using Flammable or Combustible Liquids2:Fire Protection Handbook, 20th Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 8
NEW QUESTION # 72
Sound meters used to test notification appliances in fire alarm systems shall comply with which standard?
- A. ANSI S12.13
- B. NFPA 70
- C. NFPA 72
- D. ANSI S1.42
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
ANSI S1.4a
Sound meters used to test notification appliances in fire alarm systems shall comply with the standard ANSI S1.4a, Specifications for Sound Level Meters, Type 2 requirements, according to NFPA 72 2010, the National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code.This standard specifies the performance and accuracy criteria for sound level meters that are used to measure the sound pressure levels of audible signals in fire alarm systems1
NEW QUESTION # 73
Which type of construction consists of structural members of approved noncombustible or limited combustible materials with specified fire resistance ratings for exterior bearing walls of 3 or 4 hours?
- A. Type II
- B. Type III
- C. Type I
- D. Type IV
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The correct answer is A. Type I construction consists of structural members of approved noncombustible or limited combustible materials with specified fire resistance ratings for exterior bearing walls of 3 or 4 hours.
This is the highest level of fire resistance among the five types of construction defined by NFPA 220: Standard for Types of Building Construction.Type I construction is typically used for high-rise buildings made of concrete and protected steel12
NEW QUESTION # 74
When evaluating the hydraulic properties of water for fire protection system, what is the measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow?
- A. Density
- B. Velocity
- C. Pressure
- D. Viscosity
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow is calledviscosity.Viscosity is the property of a fluid that describes how easily it can deform or move when subjected to a shear stress, such as the force exerted by a pipe wall or a pump1. A fluid with high viscosity, such as honey, resists flow and requires more pressure to overcome the friction between its layers.A fluid with low viscosity, such as water, flows easily and has less frictional resistance2.Viscosity affects the hydraulic properties of water for fire protection systems, such as the flow rate, pressure loss, and pump power3. Viscosity is usually expressed in units of pascal-second (Pa s) or centipoise (cP) for liquids, and is dependent on the temperature and composition of the fluid.References:
Viscosity | Definition, Facts, Formula, Units, & Examples
Viscosity - The Physics Hypertextbook
Fire Pump Types | NFPA
[12.4: Viscosity and Laminar Flow; Poiseuille's Law]
NEW QUESTION # 75
Explosions or fires from flammable gas or oil fuel vapor-air mixtures may be prevented by ventilation and controls that keep the flammable vapor content below what percent of the lower flammable limit of the vapor-air mixture?
- A. 15%
- B. 35%
- C. 45%
- D. 25%
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
25%
Explosions or fires from flammable gas or oil fuel vapor-air mixtures may be prevented by ventilation and controls that keep the flammable vapor content below 25% of the lower flammable limit (LFL) of the vapor-air mixture, according to the web search results. The LFL is the lowest concentration of a gas or vapor in air that can produce a flash of fire in the presence of an ignition source. Below the LFL, the mixture is too lean to burn. The LFL varies for different gases and vapors, and it is usually expressed as a percentage by volume of air at 25°C and atmospheric pressure. For example, the LFL of methane is 4.4%, which means that a mixture of methane and air with less than 4.4% methane cannot ignite. To prevent explosions or fires, the concentration of flammable gases or vapors should be kept below 25% of their LFL, which is equivalent to
1.1% methane in this case. Ventilation, natural or mechanical, is one of the methods to achieve this by diluting the flammable gases or vapors with fresh air.Controls, such as gas detectors, alarms, valves, and interlocks, are another method to monitor and regulate the flammable gas or vapor levels and prevent them from reaching dangerous concentrations1234
NEW QUESTION # 76
The ratio of the weight of a solid or a liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water is referred to as
- A. relative humidity.
- B. relative density.
- C. specific gravity.
- D. specific density.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The ratio of the weight of a solid or a liquid substance to the weight of an equal volume of water is referred to asspecific gravity. Specific gravity is a dimensionless quantity that is defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of the water at a specified temperature.The density of water at 4 0C is commonly used as a reference point1. Specific gravity can be calculated using the following formula:
SG=fracrhosubstancerhoH2O
where rhosubstance is the density of the substance and rhoH2O is the density of water. Specific gravity can be used to compare the relative densities of different substances and to determinewhether a substance will sink or float in water.A substance with a specific gravity less than 1 will float in water, while a substance with a specific gravity greater than 1 will sink in water2.
For example, the specific gravity of gold is 19.3, which means that gold is 19.3 times denser than water.
Therefore, gold will sink in water. The specific gravity of ice is 0.92, which means that ice is 0.92 times denser than water. Therefore, ice will float in water.
References:
Specific gravity | Formula, Units, & Equation | Britannica
Specific Gravity - Definition, Calculation, Solved Examples, FAQs - BYJU'S
NEW QUESTION # 77
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