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HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate TA-002-P Professional Exam Certification Path
Test Preparation teaches how the exam questions can to be decoded. Our Exam Preparedness: HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate TA-002-Pâ Technical arrangement course is delivered in multiple configurations: study hall preparing for learning or taking an interest in a physical homeroom with an Approved Learner. Free media preparing for learning whenever it is suitable for you. The course surveys test inquiries in each branch of knowledge and how the themes tried ought to be seen to such an extent that off base answers are easier to stay away from. Our course will help you in tracking down the correct answers.
Learning Path:
- Enroll in a course from Udemy created by Zeal Vora for both learning Terraform & qualifying for the examination
- Learn the Terraform Core workflow
- Commence training terraform with the console
- Learn Terraform Cloud interactively with Katacoda
- Go through resource for preparing for the examination wrote by Ned Bellavance and Adin Ermie available on Leanpub
- Go through HashiCorpâs resource library
- Study to Terraform with HashiCorpâs official learning platform
- Study Terraform Basics
- Understand basic things about Terraform Cloud & Terraform Enterprise
Understanding functional and technical aspects of HashiCorp Certified: Terraform Associate TA-002-P Professional Exam Object Management
The following will be discussed in HASHICORP TA-002 dumps:
- Learn the application of the collection and structural types
- Configure resource using a dynamic block
- Exhibit use of variables and outputs
- Utilize resource addressing and resource parameters to connect resources
- Design and distinguish resource and data configuration
- Express secure secret injection best practice
- Use Terraform built-in functions to write configuration
- Advantages of Sentinel, registry, and workspaces Differentiate OSS and TFE workspaces
- Specify built-in dependency management
- Summarize characteristics of Terraform Cloud
NEW QUESTION 21
Select the feature below that best completes the sentence:
The following list represents the different types of __________ available in Terraform.
1. max
2. min
3. join
4. replace
5. list
6. length
7. range
- A. Functions
- B. Backends
- C. Named values
- D. Data sources
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The Terraform language includes a number of built-in functions that you can call from within expressions to transform and combine values. The Terraform language does not support user-defined functions, and only the functions built into the language are available for use.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/functions.html
NEW QUESTION 22
Examine the following Terraform configuration, which uses the data source for an AWS AMI.
What value should you enter for the ami argument in the AWS instance resource?
- A. aws_ami.ubuntu
- B. data.aws_ami.ubuntu
- C. data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id
- D. aws_ami.ubuntu.id
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
resource "aws_instance" "web" {
ami= data.aws_ami.ubuntu.id
Reference: https://registry.terraform.io/providers/hashicorp/aws/latest/docs/resources/instance
NEW QUESTION 23
A single terraform resource file that defines an aws_instance resource can simple be renamed to azurerm_virtual_machine in order to switch cloud providers
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
Providers usually require some configuration of their own to specify endpoint URLs, regions, authentication settings.
Providers Initialization can be done by either explicitly via a provider block or by adding a resource from that provide
https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/providers.html
NEW QUESTION 24
Which of the following statements best describes the Terraform list(...) type?
- A. a sequence of values identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero.
- B. a collection of values where each is identified by a string label.
- C. a collection of unique values that do not have any secondary identifiers or ordering.
- D. a collection of named attributes that each have their own type.
Explanation
A terraform list is a sequence of values identified by consecutive whole numbers starting with zero. https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/types.html#structural-types
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 25
Complete the following sentence:
For local state, the workspaces are stored directly in a ___________.
- A. directory called terraform.workspaces.tfstate
- B. directory called terraform.tfstate.d
- C. a file called terraform.tfstate
- D. a file called terraform.tfstate.backup
Answer: B
Explanation:
For local state, Terraform stores the workspace states in a directory called terraform.tfstate.d.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/workspaces.html#workspace-internals
NEW QUESTION 26
Terraform variables and outputs that set the "description" argument will store that description in the state file.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 27
Refer below code where pessimistic constraint operator has been used to specify a version of a provider.
terraform { required_providers { aws = "~> 1.1.0" }}
Which of the following options are valid provider versions that satisfy the above constraint. (select two)
- A. 1.2.9
- B. 1.2.0
- C. 1.1.8
- D. 1.1.1
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Pessimistic constraint operator, constraining both the oldest and newest version allowed. For example, ~> 0.9 is equivalent to >= 0.9, < 1.0, and ~> 0.8.4, is equivalent to >= 0.8.4, < 0.9
NEW QUESTION 28
You have created a terraform script that uses a lot of new constructs that have been introduced in terraform v0.12. However, many developers who are cloning the script from your git repo, are using v0.11, and getting errors. What can be done from your end to solve this problem?
- A. Add comments in your code to tell developers to use v0.12 . If they use v0.11 , that should be their problem , which they need to figure out.
- B. Add a condition in front of each such specific construct, to check whether the running terraform version id v0.11 or v0.12, and ,work accordingly.
- C. Refactor the code to support both v0.11, and v0.12. It might be a difficult process, but there is no other way.
- D. Force developer to use v0.12 by using terraform setting 'required_version' and set it to >=0.12.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
https://www.terraform.io/docs/configuration/terraform.html
NEW QUESTION 29
Given the Terraform configuration below, in which order will the resources be created?
1. resource "aws_instance" "web_server"
2. {
3. ami = "ami-b374d5a5"
4. instance_type = "t2.micro"
5. }
6. resource "aws_eip" "web_server_ip"
7. {
8. vpc = true instance = aws_instance.web_server.id
9. }
- A. Resources will be created simultaneously
- B. aws_eip will be created first
aws_instance will be created second - C. aws_instance will be created first
aws_eip will be created second - D. aws_eip will be created first
aws_instance will be created second
Answer: C
Explanation:
Implicit and Explicit Dependencies
By studying the resource attributes used in interpolation expressions, Terraform can automatically infer when one resource depends on another. In the example above, the reference to aws_instance.web_server.id creates an implicit dependency on the aws_instance named web_server.
Terraform uses this dependency information to determine the correct order in which to create the different resources.
# Example of Implicit Dependency
resource "aws_instance" "web_server" {
ami = "ami-b374d5a5"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
}
resource "aws_eip" "web_server_ip" {
vpc = true
instance = aws_instance.web_server.id
}
In the example above, Terraform knows that the aws_instance must be created before the aws_eip.
Implicit dependencies via interpolation expressions are the primary way to inform Terraform about these relationships, and should be used whenever possible.
Sometimes there are dependencies between resources that are not visible to Terraform. The depends_on argument is accepted by any resource and accepts a list of resources to create explicit dependencies for.
For example, perhaps an application we will run on our EC2 instance expects to use a specific Amazon S3 bucket, but that dependency is configured inside the application code and thus not visible to Terraform. In that case, we can use depends_on to explicitly declare the dependency:
# Example of Explicit Dependency
# New resource for the S3 bucket our application will use.
resource "aws_s3_bucket" "example" {
bucket = "terraform-getting-started-guide"
acl = "private"
}
# Change the aws_instance we declared earlier to now include "depends_on" resource "aws_instance" "example" { ami = "ami-2757f631" instance_type = "t2.micro"
# Tells Terraform that this EC2 instance must be created only after the
# S3 bucket has been created.
depends_on = [aws_s3_bucket.example]
}
https://learn.hashicorp.com/terraform/getting-started/dependencies.html
NEW QUESTION 30
You have already set TF_LOG = DEBUG to enable debug log. Now you want to always write the log to the directory you're currently running terraform from. what should you do to achieve this.
- A. No explicit action required. Terraform will take care of this as you have enable TF_LOG.
- B. Run the command export TF_LOG_PATH=./terraform.log.
- C. Run the command export TF_LOG_FILE=./terraform.log.
- D. Run the command export TF_DEBUG_PATH=./terraform.log.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/environment-variables.html
NEW QUESTION 31
Talal is a DevOps engineer and he has deployed the production infrastructure using Terraform. He is using a very large configuration file to maintain and update the actual infrastructure. As the infrastructure have grown to a very complex and large, he has started experiencing slowness when he run runs terraform plan. What are the options for him to resolve this slowness?
- A. Run terraform refresh every time before running terraform plan.
- B. Use -refresh=false flag as well as the -target flag with terraform plan in order to work around this.
- C. Break large configurations into several smaller configurations that can each be independently applied.
- D. Use -refresh=true flag as well as the -target flag with terraform plan in order to work around this.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
For larger infrastructures, querying every resource is too slow. Many cloud providers do not provide APIs to query multiple resources at once, and the round trip time for each resource is hundreds of milliseconds. On top of this, cloud providers almost always have API rate limiting so Terraform can only request a certain number of resources in a period of time. Larger users of Terraform make heavy use of the -refresh=false flag as well as the -target flag in order to work around this. In these scenarios, the cached state is treated as the record of truth.
Although 'Use -refresh=false flag as well as the -target flag with terraform plan in order to work around this.' is a solution, but its not always recommended. Instead of using -target as a means to operate on isolated portions of very large configurations, prefer instead to break large configurations into several smaller configurations that can each be independently applied. Data sources can be used to access information about resources created in other configurations, allowing a complex system architecture to be broken down into more manageable parts that can be updated independently.
Option 'Run terraform refresh every time before running terraform plan.' and 'Use -refresh=true flag as well as the -target flag with terraform plan in order to work around this.' is not correct because in both the cases terraform will query every resources of the infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION 32
How does Terraform handle working with so many providers?
- A. Terraform uses a plugin architecture for providers and only installs the provider plugins required by your configuration in the configuration's working directory.
- B. Terraform allows you to select the providers you want to support during the Terraform installation process.
- C. Terraform uses a plugin architecture for providers and only installs the provider plugins required by your configuration in a shared, system-wide plugins directory.
- D. Terraform ships with all of the plugins embedded in the Terraform binary.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Terraform is built on a plugin-based architecture. All providers and provisioners that are used in Terraform configurations are plugins, even the core types such as AWS and Heroku. Users of Terraform are able to write new plugins in order to support new functionality in Terraform.
NEW QUESTION 33
When configuring a remote backend in Terraform, it might be a good idea to purposely omit some of the required arguments to ensure secrets and other important data aren't inadvertently shared with others. What are the ways the remaining configuration can be added to Terraform so it can initialize and communicate with the backend? (select three)
- A. use the -backend-config=PATH to specify a separate config file
- B. command-line key/value pairs
- C. directly querying HashiCorp Vault for the secrets
- D. interactively on the command line
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
You do not need to specify every required argument in the backend configuration. Omitting certain arguments may be desirable to avoid storing secrets, such as access keys, within the main configuration. When some or all of the arguments are omitted, we call this a partial configuration.
With a partial configuration, the remaining configuration arguments must be provided as part of the initialization process. There are several ways to supply the remaining arguments: https://www.terraform.io/docs/backends/init.html#backend-initialization
NEW QUESTION 34
You have multiple developers working on a terraform project (using terraform OSS), and have saved the terraform state in a remote S3 bucket . However ,team is intermittently experiencing inconsistencies in the provisioned infrastructure / failure in the code . You have traced this problem to simultaneous/concurrent runs of terraform apply command for 2/more developers . What can you do to fix this problem?
- A. Stop using remote state , and store the developer tfstate in their own machine . Once a day , all developers should sit together and merge the state files manually , to avoid any inconsistencies.
- B. Use terraform workspaces feature, this will fix this problem by default , as every developer will have their own state file , and terraform will merge them on server side on its own.
- C. Structure your team in such a way that only one individual will run terraform apply , everyone will just make changes and share with him. Then there will be no chance of any inconsistencies.
- D. Enable terraform state locking for the S3 backend using DynamoDB table. This prevents others from acquiring the lock and potentially corrupting your state.
Answer: D
Explanation:
S3 backend support state locking using DynamoDB.
https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/locking.html
NEW QUESTION 35
You have used Terraform to create an ephemeral development environment in the cloud and are now ready to destroy all the infrastructure described by your Terraform configuration. To be safe, you would like to first see all the infrastructure that will be deleted by Terraform.
Which command should you use to show all of the resources that will be deleted? (Choose two.)
- A. Run terraform destroy and it will first output all the resources that will be deleted before prompting for
- B. Run terraform plan -destroy.
- C. Run terraform state rm *.
- D. This is not possible. You can only show resources that will be created.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
approval.
NEW QUESTION 36
Which of these options is the most secure place to store secrets foe connecting to a Terraform remote backend?
- A. Defined in a connection configuration outside of Terraform
- B. None of above
- C. Defined in Environment variables
- D. Inside the backend block within the Terraform configuration
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 37
In contrast to Terraform Open Source, when working with Terraform Enterprise and Cloud Workspaces, conceptually you could think about them as completely separate working directories.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 38
What is not processed when running a terraform refresh?
- A. Credentials
- B. State file
- C. Configuration file
- D. Cloud provider
Answer: A,D
NEW QUESTION 39
Your manager has instructed you to start using terraform for your day-to-day operations, but your security team is concerned about the terraform state files. They have heard it contains confidential information, and are worried that it will not be securely protected. What should be your response to the security team in this regard?
- A. Mask the confidential entries in the terraform state file , using Vault Enterprise, another Hashicorp product , while keeping it locally.
- B. Ensure that the state is managed in a remote backend , preferably an enterprise grade state management system like Terraform Cloud.
- C. Keep the state file locally on each developer machine , and ensure that there is a local protection software like KeyPass protecting it.
- D. Inform the security team that using terraform state is optional . There are ways to avoid it , and you will do the same.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
https://www.terraform.io/docs/state/index.html
State is very important topic for exam. Please read all of the below subtopics Purpose Import Existing Resources Locking Workspaces Remote State Sensitive Data
NEW QUESTION 40
After executing a terraform apply, you notice that a resource has a tilde (~) next to it. What does this infer?
- A. The resource will be destroyed and recreated.
- B. The resource will be created.
- C. Terraform can't determine how to proceed due to a problem with the state file.
- D. The resource will be updated in place.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The prefix -/+ means that Terraform will destroy and recreate the resource, rather than updating it in-place.
The prefix ~ means that some attributes and resources can be updated in-place.
$ terraform apply
aws_instance.example: Refreshing state... [id=i-0bbf06244e44211d1]
An execution plan has been generated and is shown below.
Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
-/+ destroy and then create replacement
Terraform will perform the following actions:
# aws_instance.example must be replaced
-/+ resource "aws_instance" "example" {
~ ami = "ami-2757f631" -> "ami-b374d5a5" # forces replacement
~ arn = "arn:aws:ec2:us-east-1:130490850807:instance/i-0bbf06244e44211d1" -> (known after apply)
~ associate_public_ip_address = true -> (known after apply)
~ availability_zone = "us-east-1c" -> (known after apply)
~ cpu_core_count = 1 -> (known after apply)
~ cpu_threads_per_core = 1 -> (known after apply)
- disable_api_termination = false -> null
- ebs_optimized = false -> null
get_password_data = false
+ host_id = (known after apply)
~ id = "i-0bbf06244e44211d1" -> (known after apply)
~ instance_state = "running" -> (known after apply)
instance_type = "t2.micro"
~ ipv6_address_count = 0 -> (known after apply)
~ ipv6_addresses = [] -> (known after apply)
+ key_name = (known after apply)
- monitoring = false -> null
+ network_interface_id = (known after apply)
+ password_data = (known after apply)
+ placement_group = (known after apply)
~ primary_network_interface_id = "eni-0f1ce5bdae258b015" -> (known after apply)
~ private_dns = "ip-172-31-61-141.ec2.internal" -> (known after apply)
~ private_ip = "172.31.61.141" -> (known after apply)
~ public_dns = "ec2-54-166-19-244.compute-1.amazonaws.com" -> (known after apply)
~ public_ip = "54.166.19.244" -> (known after apply)
~ security_groups = [
- "default",
] -> (known after apply)
source_dest_check = true
~ subnet_id = "subnet-1facdf35" -> (known after apply)
~ tenancy = "default" -> (known after apply)
~ volume_tags = {} -> (known after apply)
~ vpc_security_group_ids = [
- "sg-5255f429",
] -> (known after apply)
- credit_specification {
- cpu_credits = "standard" -> null
}
+ ebs_block_device {
+ delete_on_termination = (known after apply)
+ device_name = (known after apply)
+ encrypted = (known after apply)
+ iops = (known after apply)
+ snapshot_id = (known after apply)
+ volume_id = (known after apply)
+ volume_size = (known after apply)
+ volume_type = (known after apply)
}
+ ephemeral_block_device {
+ device_name = (known after apply)
+ no_device = (known after apply)
+ virtual_name = (known after apply)
}
+ network_interface {
+ delete_on_termination = (known after apply)
+ device_index = (known after apply)
+ network_interface_id = (known after apply)
}
~ root_block_device {
~ delete_on_termination = true -> (known after apply)
~ iops = 100 -> (known after apply)
~ volume_id = "vol-0079e485d9e28a8e5" -> (known after apply)
~ volume_size = 8 -> (known after apply)
~ volume_type = "gp2" -> (known after apply)
}
}
Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 1 to destroy.
NEW QUESTION 41
Given the Terraform configuration below, in which order will the resources be created?
1. resource "aws_instance" "web_server"
2. {
3. ami = "ami-b374d5a5"
4. instance_type = "t2.micro"
5. }
6. resource "aws_eip" "web_server_ip"
7. {
8. vpc = true instance = aws_instance.web_server.id
9. }
- A. Resources will be created simultaneously
- B. aws_eip will be created first
aws_instance will be created second - C. aws_instance will be created first
aws_eip will be created second - D. aws_eip will be created first
aws_instance will be created second
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Implicit and Explicit Dependencies
By studying the resource attributes used in interpolation expressions, Terraform can automatically infer when one resource depends on another. In the example above, the reference to aws_instance.web_server.id creates an implicit dependency on the aws_instance named web_server.
Terraform uses this dependency information to determine the correct order in which to create the different resources.
# Example of Implicit Dependency
resource "aws_instance" "web_server" {
ami = "ami-b374d5a5"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
}
resource "aws_eip" "web_server_ip" {
vpc = true
instance = aws_instance.web_server.id
}
In the example above, Terraform knows that the aws_instance must be created before the aws_eip.
Implicit dependencies via interpolation expressions are the primary way to inform Terraform about these relationships, and should be used whenever possible.
Sometimes there are dependencies between resources that are not visible to Terraform. The depends_on argument is accepted by any resource and accepts a list of resources to create explicit dependencies for.
For example, perhaps an application we will run on our EC2 instance expects to use a specific Amazon S3 bucket, but that dependency is configured inside the application code and thus not visible to Terraform. In that case, we can use depends_on to explicitly declare the dependency:
# Example of Explicit Dependency
# New resource for the S3 bucket our application will use.
resource "aws_s3_bucket" "example" {
bucket = "terraform-getting-started-guide"
acl = "private"
}
# Change the aws_instance we declared earlier to now include "depends_on" resource "aws_instance" "example" { ami = "ami-2757f631" instance_type = "t2.micro"
# Tells Terraform that this EC2 instance must be created only after the
# S3 bucket has been created.
depends_on = [aws_s3_bucket.example]
}
https://learn.hashicorp.com/terraform/getting-started/dependencies.html
NEW QUESTION 42
When using a module block to reference a module stored on the public Terraform Module Registry such as:
How do you specify version 1.0.0?
- A. Append ?ref=v1.0.0 argument to the source path
- B. Nothing - modules stored on the public Terraform Module Registry always default to version 1.0.0
- C. Modules stored on the public Terraform Module Registry do not support versioning
- D. Add version = "1.0.0" attribute to module block
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 43
You want to get involved in the development of Terraform. As this is an open source project, you would like to contribute a fix for an open issue of Terraform. What programming language will need to use to write the fix?
- A. Java
- B. Python
- C. It depends on which command issue related to.
- D. Go
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
Basic programming knowledge. Terraform and Terraform Plugins are written in the Go programming language, but even if you've never written a line of Go before, you're still welcome to take a dive into the code and submit patches. The community is happy to assist with code reviews and offer guidance specific to Go.
NEW QUESTION 44
......
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